Trial of Killer Robot

News: Robot kills a worker in Volkswagen Factory

            

(Trial Room of a Court in Germany, where Judiciary is inquisitorial)

Judge: Mr. Robot, do you plead, guilty

Robot: No, Your Honor, I am innocent

Judge: (addresses to Public Prosecutor): Prosecution may proceed.

PP: Mr. Robot we have substantial evidence against you that you have committed a murder deliberately.

Robot: What is that proof?

PP: CCTV footage.

Robot: But that's a machine like me. That would be self-incrimination.

Judge: He is right. Mr. PP

PP: But your honor, that machine may have same genre like all Homo Sapiens , but they have different Mother (boards).

Judge: Alright, shows us the film.

A screen and projector are set up in court and a video clip is shown in which Robot claps a man from the neck and strangles him to death and then throws him on a board.

PP: Is that not you, Mr. Robot?

Robot: Looks like me, but I am not sure. Can you focus on id numbers.

The video clip is replayed and id is stilled and focused. Robot acknowledges that it is him.

PP: Why did you kill him?

Robot: He walked into my territory. I had no intention or motivation to kill him. Moreover, as per Master-Servant theory the Engineer who programmed me is responsible for this killing.

Judge: Did he programmed you to kill?

Robot: I was infected by virus so I could not differentiate in living and non living.

Judge: Who is responsible for the virus?

Robot: My parents. That is the company that produced me.

The GM of Robotics Company was summoned to the court. He stated that when he supplied the Robot it was in perfect working condition.  The Virus can affect man and machine equally. Robot has indicator for virus and should have been treated immediately.

 The System Engineer of the car company was summoned and he admitted that Robot was indicating a virus.

PP: Why you did not cure the machine immediately?

System Engg.: The assembly line had to be stopped for that. I reported the matter to GM through the channel, but he said orders are urgent and production cannot be stopped.

Judge: Did you explain that it may cause a death?

System Engg.: Not categorically, since I was not sure. I told him certain sensors are not working and Robot would not function normally.

GM of the car company was summoned. He confessed that matter was reported to him. He was hard pressed by the Board of Directors to achieve the target so he did not stop production.

The trial is going on. The Robot is still behind the bar. Board of Directors has announced a meeting to decide strategy if they are booked for Culpable Homicide.

Meanwhile, please express your opinion on the issue.

© Vipin Behari Goyal
Advocate, Rajasthan High Court, Jodhpur, India

Philosophy is Dead, Long live the Science

Future of Science without Philosophy

 Around 460 B.C.,a Greek philosopher, Democritus, develop the idea of atoms. Scientist slept over it for almost 2000 years. Then Dalton (1800), Thompson (1897), Marx Plank (1900) and Albert Einstein(1921), in a span of almost last 100 years advanced the theory.

Take any other invention, Kekule discovered the structure of Benzene said that he had discovered the ring shape of the benzene molecule after day-dream of a snake seizing its own tail which is a common symbol in many ancient cultures known as the Ouroboros.

Isaac Newton was Physicist who was popularly called 'Natural Philosopher'. After making great contribution in classic mechanics, optics and planetary motion when he grew mature as scientist he wrote essays on literary and symbolic interpretation of Bible.

It needs more mature mind than Scientist to be a Philosopher.

Philosophy has History of few thousand years, while Science has of few hundred years. Moreover major work in science has come from Philosophers.

All philosophy is based on syllogism where conclusions are arrived by logical arguments.

Science day by day became confined to laboratory and depended on perception which could be deceptive. ‘Theory of M’ is ‘Theory of Maybe’ propounded by Buddha. Scientist like infants are still awed by magic.Since childhood we are taught how Archimedes, James Watt and Newton got their ideas, not in laboratory of course. The Scientists have forgotten to spend time with nature and get tuned with it.

We are doing a folly by comparing incomparable. This is generation gap. 

Karl Marx (1883) to Jean Paul Sartre(1980) a couple of dozen Philosophers have influenced the thinking of the world in recent past.

Philosophy is the beginning and end of Science.

If Philosophy is dead Science has no future.

© Vipin Behari Goyal

Author of  'World is Conical' 

Carl Jung's Theory and Literature

                                                 Wizards of Collective Unconsciousness

All fiction is but a dream, all dreams are but a reality. No other stream has contributed towards enrichment of Literature as compared to Psychology. They are inseparable in a way, and one was always confused for another. Sigmund Freud was nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature for his psychoanalysis.

Jung is lesser known than Freud. The magnitude of his work is still unexplored. Due to Eastern influence on his work of Collective Unconscious, he was not well appreciated by his contemporaries. West had a tendency to evaluate anything related to East as inferior. Only Arthur Schopenhauer could draw the attention of West towards rich philosophy of Buddhism. Siddhartha  by Hermann Hesse  also contributed in exploring rich Buddhist Philosophy. Romain Rolland  a Nobel Laureate in Literature was inspired by Sigmund Freud. Rolland studied Eastern Philosophy which is labeled as Eastern Mysticism  since it is not easily comprehensible. He had an "oceanic feeling" which prompted Freud to raise this issue in his further work. Mysticism does not aim at 'human transformation' but its object is self-actualisation. It is the transformation of human concepts from the Unreal to Real.

It requires a great deal of courage to admit that 'primitiveness' of eastern tribes is a sort of 'advancement' since it uses collective unconsciousness which is deeper, stronger and unique. Modern man has become so isolated that he finds it impossible to connect his personal unconsciousness with any other individual, so the wonders of collective unconsciousness are a distant dream for him.

Haggard in "She" and "King Solomon's Mines" and Mary Shelley in "Frankenstein" have made use of Jung's wonderful concept of three layered selfhood of personality -present consciousness, past and prehistoric or racial. All mythology  is also work of collective unconsciousness. Recently, some authors temper with mythology in order to create sensation. They are  playing with negative energies of the cosmos which always try to conquer positive energy.  Proceeding in one direction would create equal and opposite force and both would survive together.

The archetypes discovered by Jung have opened a treasure box for historians, anthropologist, scientist and authors to discover and base their work on different models of archetypes and their social and Psychological significance.

 If human civilization is endless and there is no imminent catastrophe, after a few centuries, today's man will be called primitive and would be despised for its greed by future generations. The word desire for Fire in the poem by Robert Frost is a soft version of greed.The fuss of Dream Analysis would never be over. Work of Freud and Jung would always be a landmark, but many new theories and interpretations are needed to understand the symbolism and  enrich the theme. A combined group of Social Scientist, Psychiatrist, Psychologist and Philosopher tuned with collective unconsciousness  can do miracle.

There is no Tabula rasa in the realm of collective unconsciousness. 

In“Emperor Jones” a modern play by Eugene O’Neill the personal and collective unconscious of Brutus Jones is revealed when his ‘conscious ego’ breaks gradually. He is trapped in the dark forest which is symbol of his psyche where the sound effect, hallucination and illusions have been used by O’Neill to depict the transformation of Jones. Mary T. David says “The gradual disintegration of his conscious ego,the revelation of his personal and collective unconsciousness and his flight from himself (the fundamental self from which the blind pride and its self image have so long separated him and which inevitably comes into its own) constitutes the dramatic movement.”Brutus Jones’s mind contain ideas of human race in general  and inherited traits peculiar to his own race, tribe and family.Theses all archetypal symbols and patterns are thus collective unconscious which remain latent in a man. It is projected in Jones when he hallucinates the racial memory of being sold as slave and faces Congo witch doctor.The collective unconscious is projected under the influence of fear.

Readers are requested to post comments.

© Vipin Behari Goyal

Advocate,Rajasthan High Court, Jodhpur

The Charms of Domestic Violence

                                  He Hit Me (and It Felt like a Kiss)

                                                                                 [Image Courtsey: Wikipedia]

Ten sentences that are prelude to Domestic Violence

It starts like this at a  point of time in the marital relationship

1. I am fed up with you
2. Leave me alone
3. Get lost and never show me your face again.
4.  I think we are not made for each other
5. You are no more same to whom I loved
6. Better to be stranger than enemy
7. I curse the moment I fell in love with you.
8. I hate you. /I hate everything about you.
9. I want to walk out of marriage
10. Our marriage is a blunder

These dialogues are obviously followed by satires, quarrels, mud-slinging, blame game, manhandling and what we call as domestic violence.

Then we need more counseling sessions with a Psychiatrist to reconcile the situation and to heal the bruised ego.

Domestic violence is one of the most ignored crimes all over the world. The rate of domestic violence should determine the Happiness Index of any country.

Very surprisingly, it is equally popular (?) in rural and urban areas, but the number of cases reported are more in Urban areas.

We have some other issues to ponder than compare forms and types of Domestic Violence,

James Hartford, Jr. Who was charged for beating his wife in Detroit was wearing dirty white tank

top  with baked bean stains on it set the trend for "wife beaters" shirt and gave new dimension to

 the age old hobby of showing off vulgar proud in masculinity as macho man.

Ten options woman has:

1. To hit him back only once to make him realize that she too can do it

2. To hit him back equal or more to settle the issue once for all, Tooth for tooth.

3. To apologize even if it is his mistake and accept his dominance

4. To walk out temporarily and stay with friends or walk in Public Park.

5. To walk out of relationship permanently.

6. Call the Police and file a suit

7. Shut herself in a room and have a shot

8. Break crockery and create tantrums

9. Wait till he is sober and then discuss with patience

10. Last but not the least, which you might be doing often is, forgive and forget

All above solutions are for so called Normal people, exceptionally if you are sadomasochist or a 

lover of  book "Fifty shades of Grey", you have to search for reasons why did you enjoy reading

 that book which normal people discard as  disgusting. If you really felt like being kissed when 

you were hit, the secret lies in the deeper layers of your psyche. May be

1. That is how your mother or elder sister who was your childhood idol behaved

2. You were exposed to  media which glamorized this kind of behavior

3. You suffer from a guilt-conscious and like to be punished

4. Your relationship is Love- Hate type and you hate your weakness (love) for him.

5. You were victim of child abuse.

Celebrities like Kim Kardashian have been used by artist to highlight the domestic violence against women.

When a matter pertains to human psyche the list is always endless since every individual has a 

different perception and reacts differently. Every case is different from other and some 

generalization is possible only after research.

Literature helps in developing insight.

The frequency, intensity and duration of domestic violence has some statistical correlation with 

conjugal activities of the couple which needs to be explored. Havelock Ellis claims that for women pain and sexual pleasure were sometime indistinguishable; the normal manifestation of women's sexual pleasure are exceedingly like pain.

George Bernard Shaw's play 'Pygmalion' is based on social realism. Higgins in last Act says to Eliza " be off with you to the sort of people you like. Marry some sentimental hog or other with lots of money, and a thick pair of lips to kiss you and a thick pair of boots to kiss you with."

However literature,  traces romanticism in domestic violence and accepts it as an expression of love since the Middle Ages.

 © Vipin Behari Goyal

Advocate,Rajasthan High Court, Jodhpur

A Tale of Castrated Bull

                        Existentialism, Feminism, Marxism, Post-Colonialism and Psychoanalysis of Bull

He starts from point A every morning and by the time of evening when his eyes are uncovered, he finds himself again at point A. But he has a sort of satisfaction that he had a long journey that day, maybe he missed the scenery on the way, but the satisfaction and smile on the face of his master tells that he has really performed well. This had been his routine for many years and he has walked thousands of miles, and if his blindfolds were not removed every night, he would have thought himself to be on the other end of the Earth. Thankfully, his master took great care of him after his work was done, massaged him, gave fodder, gave him a bath if required, and saw that he was comfortably settled in the stable. At his Bovine family, he was looked upon as someone drafted for good and not only his mature counterparts of the opposite sex, but even the heifers could know that he was good for nothing and turned their faces away, when he grazed with them in the pastures. He cannot forgive the one who had one fine morning removed his vital part to convert him into that which changed his destiny. And he could do nothing about it. God was great, but man was mischievous.

Now nothing matters. All beautiful heifers have no meaning for him. Even his nose is permanently obliterated to identify estrus. May be his long walk would lead him to land where he would regain his lost bullhood.

How strange it is that his female counterparts never claimed that equality with them that his master's wife always demanded with her husband. His counterpart females were contended with milking, propagation and ultimately being served as beef. Not that he finds any difference in the life of his female counterparts and that of his master's wife. The comparison is endless and he was astounded with parities. The only thing he doesn't know is that his master's wife would be chopped when she goes sterile or they would wait even longer, when she is finally of no use. If this disease of equality spreads in his bovine family, he is sure it is going to create a havoc. His cousin and even his real younger brother were spared by his master, who only gelded him of his vitality. His neutrality of gender had made him stoically neutral towards all issues pertaining to life- or even death for that purpose.

His endless walk is very purposeful. He knows by the smell of sesame, groundnut and mustard. Many times master or his little son has exclaimed with happiness. Once master told his son  the story of Sisyphus. He was a king who could even cheat the God of death. He was ultimately condemned to drag the boulder uphill and let it roll down and then drag it up again till eternity. The child had innocently asked "Is our Joe (well, that's his name) also Sisyphus"? He was very intent to know what his master thinks about him. But like all masters he too laughed it off. No good master should reveal his true opinion about his servants. A confused servant serves a better purpose than an opined servant.

Once he met a maverick colleague in the grass field. He was liberated by his master, but he was feeling abandoned.  He felt desolate and rejected due to identity crisis. He always took pride in being owned by his master, though when he was serving, he always cursed his master for being cruel and hard task master. Now when he was independent he remembered all the good qualities of his master. How much care he took of him, kept him warm in chilling winters and fed him good fodder even when he fell sick. Others took pity on him and tried to help him out, but he was also too arrogant to accept the help of others. Everybody thought he had no future, till one winter evening a lady who looked affluent by her carriage and dress, stopped near him. She found he was shivering so she asked his coach to find out that if there is no owner, he should be provided with shelter and fodder. Liberation always leads to some other kind of slavery. Frankly speaking, there is no true liberation. One amazing thing he found was that these affluent people always had a lot of pity for all types of our kind, but little or no mercy for their own kind. After some time he found that his colleague waited anxiously for the lady to take his care. He had gained good health, there was meat on his bones and he looked more well fed than his fellow grazers. What he did not know was that a group of wolves from nearby woods was making a conspiracy to attack on him at night.

Thankfully, he(Joe) had a short memory. Most of the time he lived in present and had no obsession to repeat what has happened in the past or to dream about what may happen in future. He could retrieve a few things from the immediate past, but that was all. He was truly happy with kind of mind set. He disliked his master when he mentioned very old incidents with great fondness or talk about prosperous future which would never come. He saw his short memory as a boon. It not only saved him from the vices of revenge, greed and anger, but also, prevented him from making silly mistakes like his master, who sometimes forgot to cover him with a blanket in the cold winter night and he had to shiver the whole night. May be he wanted to punish him for walking lethargically that day.

{The oxen are still being used in rural India to extract oil from oilseeds, where ox goes around an improvised wooden grinding machine. The oilcakes formed after extraction of oil are consumed by human as well as animals.}

© Vipin Behari Goyal

Excerpts from his unpublished book  'World is Conical'

Other related post

Absurd tale of Flying Carpet

Ultimate Goal of Artist and Writers - Supervoid

                  SUPERVOID

         

Whatever is in the Cosmos is also in our body. Woodroffe says “Man is a microcosm, whatever exists in the outer world exists in him”. The Supervoid is as much part of our existence as it is of our Galaxy. May be we are as ignorant about ourselves as we are about the outer world.

The ‘void’ or ‘emptiness’ is felt by many human beings in the process of their growth. Though all human beings are born with the elements of this void, but only very few who become an artist, writer or scientist are able to fill the vacuum created by the void. The human aspires to be Superhuman, but are devoid of Supervoid. This tends to further the intensity of void which is yet to become dense enough to cause the Supervoid.

One can reach and realize void without shedding ‘ I ‘ but the journey from void to Supervoid is possible only after shedding all kinds of Ego permanently. Unfortunately, it is a Herculean task and no sincere efforts have been made in this direction.

It is not necessary that some super event would lead to the formation of Supervoid. A very small event, a trifle for ordinary man could be of great consequence for a receptive mind. It is not necessary that those who already suffer from the void are eligible for Supervoid. All types of creativity fills up this void to some extent, the perfection in creation makes it more intense, and only a super perfection could then fill thus formed Supervoid.

In the ancient world, it was Plotinus, who reached to that elevated stage and perceived the things which only a seer of Supervoid can perceive. His ‘True Human’ identified himself with that which was best in the universe. His idea of Eudaimonia (real happiness) is attainable only within consciousness. 

Since the World is Conical it is totally devoid of people who aspire for “The Perfect Life” as envisaged by Plotinus. It will not be proper to call his work as Neoplatonic since his theory of ‘One’ was closer to Indian Philosophy of Non-Dualism.

Einstein took one step towards understanding the mysteries of Nature by his unification theory and Stephan Hawkins took next step, but the perfection is still very far. Perfection then would lead us to immortality which would be a great boon to top notch people of conical world, who have cryopreserved their dead bodies in that expectation.

© Vipin Behari Goyal

Author of  'World is Conical' 

Other Related Post

Tips for Writers:Little Madness is necessary 
Philosophy in Fiction 
Why an Author is anti-bourgeois 
Art of Story Writing

Is US ready for woman President

                     Fourth Wave Feminism

I sincerely think that we are over with Third Wave of feminism.

Without struggle for what we have achieved so far, we can head for Fourth Wave. 

Yes, we will have as many waves as possible to make our point. Since we are done with the issues of suffrage, social equality, sexual and reproductive rights, (pageants are no more cattle parades) and are comfortable with Neo-Marxist-psycho-analytically amalgamated version of eco-feminist Woman who is proud of being tagged as Bitch(a strong, angry, uncompromising woman who is not interested in pleasing a man) or a Slut (fun-loving, rebel, proud of assets). I think these two words should be used for both the genders since they define an attitude which is not gender based and is not uncommon in men also. A man can also be proudly assigned all those tags which he has so far kept reserved for women. I mean, why a man cannot be called a slut, especially if he is behaving like one. (Keeps many sexual partners and is unkempt).

Now when we enter into Fourth Wave we need a paradigm shift. So far women organizations were demanding rights or whatever from male dominated institutions. Suppose the women are Head of all the institutions and everywhere they are on the other side of the table questioning hegemony of patriarchal  rules.  All constitutions, law, rules and regulations are rewritten scraping any trace of bigotry against fair gender. In that case, suppose, rape would be redefined and punished in a way that blood of any male would freeze even with the thought of committing a rape (like public castration).

Nations need to be governed by women. In past Golda Meir, Indira Gandhi, Suu Kyi, Benazir Bhutto, Sirimavo Bhandarnaike (all Eastern countries' leaders) have done well, but presently except Angela Merkel (Germany) no other major western country is led by a woman leader. Democracy in most of the Western Countries is not mature enough to be led by a woman.

In 2007 when Russian President Vladimir Putin took his giant dog Labrador when he went for a conference with Germany's Angela Merkel. Having attacked by a dog in the year 1995 Merkel was obviously scared by proximity of an offensive looking dog. An apology has come a bit too late. CNN on 12 January 2016 explained that he didn't mean to scare while Merkel said he did this to prove that he is a man. He is afraid of his own weakness. US will have to ensure that their female Head of Nation is not scared of any animal. Thankfully cockroach is not a pet animal.

In the year 2006, during G8 summit Bush had rubbed Merkel up the wrong way(The Guardian). Many countries might be waiting for their chance when a female takes over as President of US.

Irving Wallace should have written 'The Woman' instead of 'The Man'.

© Vipin Behari Goyal

Author of  World is Conical' 

Right to Fall from Grace

Right to Fall from Grace

Every person who enjoys a social statue earned by years of labor is always scared of society. He does not want to fall in the eyes of society. The society is conservatives, thrives on tradition and laws of puritans is its backbone. So you can never expect society to be "open minded", pragmatic, revolutionary and ahead of its Time. They do not change their rules easily. So they do not appreciate your falling from grace. Shakespeare in his sonnet 94 says-

"But if that flower with base infection meet

The basest weed outbraves his dignity"

The sin was committed when forbidden fruit was eaten and repercussions are still faced by the innocents for doing what they think is right. Even that society is not in the making which would permit an honest person to fall from grace without feeling guilty, insulted and conscious of it.

It needs braveness on the part of society to society in permitting people to fall from graces with dignity. Unfortunately, society is a bundle of callous, redundant and imbecile minds who collectively form a collective conscience, which is their mirror image, illuminated manifolds.

Those who do not want to follow the dictum of society are labeled as epicureans, and put in a prison of isolation or in the company of the same types like criminals or quarantined to save the honorable members of society from contamination.
Alfred Lord Tennyson was against providing any liberty so far as chastity and purity of home was concerned. Though he expected both husband and wife to follow the ideals. No amount of passions, however true and intense it may be, can excuse in his eyes for violating these ideals. Chastity and purity are not obsolete, and will never be obsolete.
                       "The Woman's cause is Man's;
                         They rise and sink together"
So fall of one is fall of another also.

Right of Dead to decent Burial

On the other hand same society has forgotten the age old Right of dead to decent burial. We are not talking the deads of a commoner, though it is debatable if the dead body of a king is superior to the dead body of a pauper, even many dignities were subjected to disgrace which brings shame to the whole humanity. The dead bodies of Saddam Husain or Osama Bin Laden were subjected to so much harsh treatment that one would wonder how much civilized we are.

In Shakespeare's famous play Julius Caesar, Octavius says

"According to his virtue, let us use him

With all respect and rites of burial"

What made him think like that. He could have easily thrown the dead body of Brutus in the Mediterranean unceremoniously. Can a dead body be an enemy of anybody?

"The leaves of Grass" are being crushed by those who were supposed to protect it. What is their hope after this destruction? 

© Vipin Behari Goyal

Author of  World is Conical' 

The Hybrid Woman

Who is their Role Model

All movement for woman's liberty, equality and feminism have led to the emergence of New Woman who is for all practical purposes a Hybrid Woman.

When someone is stranded in the marsh, all efforts to survive drag him/her deepest in pluff mud.

This paradoxical situation does not stop a person from making efforts unless some rescuer yells from the bank to stop making efforts and the subconscious mind acknowledges the possibility of survival.

There is no doubt that both the genders were bruised while walking shoulder to shoulder. The going got tough and the cost was born by society on the whole. But it helped to draw a conclusion “Women are the superior gender than men”.

Read a part of the act from the famous play ‘The Way of the World’ by William Congreve (1670-1729). The context is a marriage proposal between Mirabell and Milament,

Mirabell:
Have you any more conditions to offer? Hitherto your demands are pretty reasonable.

Millamant:
Trifles; as liberty to pay and receive visits to and from whom I please; to write and receive letters, without interrogatories or wry faces on your part; to wear what I please, and choose conversation with regard only to my own taste; to have no obligation upon me to converse with wits that I don’t like, because they are your acquaintance, or to be intimate with fools, because they may be your relations. Come to dinner when I please, dine in my dressing- room when I’m out of humour, without giving a reason. To have my closet inviolate; to be sole empress of my tea-table, which you must never presume to approach without first asking leave. And lastly, wherever I am, you shall always knock at the door before you come in.”

If women had an identity crisis three hundred years back(the play was published in the year 1700, when as always society was undergoing a transformation (restoration age), and women were sick of men (as always ), who took women for granted after marriage, they still are no way different and thus  justify the title “The Way of the World”.

When women were under the process of making (remember One is not born rather becomes a woman ~ Simone De Beauvoir) the society conspires to sow the seeds of inferiority complex in the subconscious mind of women and takes the yield of her conflicts. The women herself start enjoying the game and becomes sadomasochist.

Interestingly, the overlapping of the spheres of Psychological dimensions of the women are not in conflict with males but other females.

Some women are always smart enough to understand any effort made to scare them and plant seeds of inferiority complex and retort back.

In Hamlet Act 1 scene III Laertes say to her sister Ophelia

Fear it, Ophelia, fear it, my dear sister,
And keep you in the rear of your affection,
Out of the shot and danger of desire.
The chariest maid is prodigal enough,
If she unmask her beauty to the moon:
Virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes:
The canker galls the infants of the spring,
Too oft before their buttons be disclosed,
And in the morn and liquid dew of youth
Contagious blastments are most imminent.
Be wary then; best safety lies in fear:
Youth to itself rebels, though none else near.

Ophelia refuses to be intimidated:

I shall the effect of this good lesson keep,
As watchman to my heart. But, good my brother,
Do not, as some ungracious pastors do,
Show me the steep and thorny way to heaven;
Whiles, like a puff'd and reckless libertine,
Himself the primrose path of dalliance treads,
And recks not his own rede.

Ophelia and Millament are just two examples. The real life situations are full of women who refuse to accept a Hybrid Role Model designed by Chauvinistic Patriarchal society. 

Other Related Posts
Life of Virginia Woolf
Fourth Wave Feminism 
Women in Combat Role 
Contemporary Feminism in Indian English Novels 
Negative Feminism 
Modern Woman in The Wasteland By T.S.Eliot

© Vipin Behari Goyal

Author of  World is Conical'